Arkin, R.C. (1998), Social Behavior. In Behavior-Based Robotics,, Chapter 9. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.

@InBook{Arkin1998a,
  ALTauthor = 	 {R. C. Arkin},
  ALTeditor = 	 {R. C. Arkin},
  title = 	 {Behavior-Based Robotics},
  chapter = 	 {9: Social Behavior},
  publisher = 	 {MIT Press},
  year = 	 {1998},
  OPTaddress = 	 {Cambridge, MA},
}

Author of the summary: Jim R. Davies, 2000, jim@jimdavies.org

Cite this paper for:

• foraging: carry objects back
• consuming: deal with objects where you find them
• grazing: cover an area adequately (e.g. lawnmower)
• flocking: assume a geometric pattern (a combination of safe wandering, aggregation and dispersion)
• surrounding: safe wandering, following, aggregation
• Lekking: calling for grouping. Everybody ends up lekking.
• Speedup: performance of N robots compared to the performance of one
• communication topology: {broadcast, addressed, tree, graph}
• foraging: safe wandering, dispersion, following, homing, flocking.
• Stagnation: when cooperation isn't working
• Societal Agent Theory: (MacKenzie 1996) A single representational syntax to describe teams of robots and their sensorimotor behaviors. Inspired by Minsky's Society of Mind theory. "Makes no distinction between inter and intra-agent behaviors."
• Team Teleautonomy: When a user directs a robot team. [p417]

• foraging: carry objects back
• consuming: deal with objects where you find them
• grazing: cover an area adequately (e.g. lawnmower)
• flocking: assume a geometric pattern
• object transport: e.g. box pushing

Premvuti & Yuta 1995: ultrasound, dead reckoning, communication

Lekking: calling for grouping. Everybody ends up lekking. [p367]

Speedup: performance of N robots compared to the performance of one

communication topology: {broadcast, addressed, tree, graph}

Mataric 1994a: system: Nerd Herd. Subsumption architecture. homing, aggregation, dispersion, following, safe wandering (without running into anything.) Rule based encoding. Low level behaviors aggregate into higher level ones, like: [p372]

flocking: a combination of safe wandering, aggregation and dispersion

surrounding: safe wandering, following, aggregation

foraging: safe wandering, dispersion, following, homing, flocking.

Parker 1994: System: ALLIANCE. impatience and acquiescence.

Stagnation: when cooperation isn't working

Kube & Zhang: Deal with stagnation by recognizing it and changing the behavior to make it more effective. [p374] Changes can be assigned priorities according to how long the stagnation has gone on.

Societal Agent Theory: (MacKenzie 1996) A single representational syntax to describe teams of robots and their sensorimotor behaviors. Inspired by Minsky's Society of Mind theory. "Makes no distinction between inter and intra-agent behaviors."

Arkin 1992b: Robotic team cooperation is possible without explicit communication. Extension of schema-based reactive control.

Johnson & Bay 1995: cooperative lifting (simulation only)

Agah & Bekey: [p381] Loud communication is not always better.

Yoshida et al 1995: probabilistic communication range

Lee et al. 1994: system: UM-PRS. based on procedural reasoning. makes plans using environment and long-term goals. [p412]

MissionLab: Agent-oriented. recursive robot societies.

Team Teleautonomy: When a user directs a robot team. [p417]

Summary author's notes:

• I know this summary kind of stinks; sorry, it's mostly definitions. It's a long article and mostly it's a review. Read it if you need to know what's in it. There is a lot there that is not in this summary.